June 2005
C5a-Mediated Leukotriene B4-Amplified Neutrophil Chemotaxis is Essential in Tumor Immunotherapy Facilitated by Anti-Tumor Monoclonal Antibody and ß-Glucan
The Journal of Immunology 2005 174:7050-7056
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May 2005
Yeast Whole Glucan Particle ß-Glucan in Conjunction with Anti-tumour Monoclonal Antibodies to Treat Cancer
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
May 2005, Vol. 5, No. 5, Pages 691-702

September 2004
ß-Glucan Affects Leukocyte Navigation in a Complex Chemotactic Gradient
Surgery 2004: 136:384-89
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July 15, 2004
Mechanism by Which Orally Administered ß-1,3-Glucans Enhance the Tumorcidial Activity of AntiTumor Monoclonal Antibodies in Murine Tumor Models
The Journal of Immunology 2004: 173: 797-806
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March 2004
Complement Function in Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Review published in Trends in Immunology
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Our Beta 1,3-D whole glucan particulate is the only yeast Beta 1,3/1,6 glucan supported by a Human Phase I Clinical Study. This peer reviewed medical article discusses the effectiveness of Beta Glucan when used along side monoclonal antibody immunotherapies to fight and overcome cancer. We encourage you to print out this article in its entirety and pass it along to your physician and also to those you know that might have interest because cancer has touched their lives.

December 15, 2003
ß-Glucan Functions as an Adjuvant for Monoclonal Antibody Immunotherapy by Recruiting Tumoricidal Granulocytes as Killer Cells
Cancer Research 63, 9023-9031, Dec. 15, 2003
A Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
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Promising initial study results demonstrate that a soluble beta glucan compound significantly increased the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies specific for the treatment of breast, liver and lung cancer, according to a recent article published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

In a series of preclinical studies, a therapeutic combination of a patented, soluble yeast beta glucan called NSG and monoclonal antibodies significantly enhanced both tumor regression and long-term survival as compared with monoclonal antibody therapy alone. In the breast cancer model, 40 percent of the mice receiving the combined therapy survived long-term and tumor-free, compared with no survivors among mice treated with the monoclonal antibody or NSG alone. Similarly, in a liver cancer model the combined therapy extended survival and increased long-term survivorship by 25 percent.

“The data suggests that the therapeutic efficacy of certain complement-activating monoclonal antibodies, like Herceptin, Rituxan and Erbitux, could be significantly enhanced if they were combined with NSG,” said Gordon D. Ross, Ph.D., Director of the Tumor Immunobiology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center located at the University of Louisville and the senior author of the paper. “Given the limited tumor-killing mechanisms available to monoclonal antibodies, soluble beta glucan engages another arm of the immune system to fight cancer. NSG is a potentially important adjuvant to monoclonal antibodies for enhancing long-term cancer survival by providing this additive effect to these immunotherapies.”

NSG effectively recruits neutrophils, which are innate immune cells, to engage in tumoricidal activities. Normally, these white blood cells do not engage in the fight against cancer cells since they are viewed as “self,” only respond to “nonself” cells. Dr. Ross discovered that NSG, a polysaccharide derived from a proprietary strain of yeast, binds to a specific receptor site on these innate immune cells, allowing them to “see” the cancer as “nonself” and trigger killing.

“This is notable research published in a very well respected medical journal devoted to cancer research. Other work performed by Dr. Ross and his colleagues have demonstrated that orally dosed Beta 1,3-D glucan is taken up by macrophages and neutrophils via the Peyer’s Patches in the gut. In a period of 3-12 days, these phagocytes digest the insoluble particles and convert them into a soluble form of beta glucan. We would encourage everyone to take this article and share it with physicians and particularly oncologists working with different forms of immunotherapy”.

1 – Cancer Research 63, 9023-9031 December 2003

March 24, 2003
Anthrax-Protective Effects of Yeast Beta 1,3 Glucans
Medscape General Medicine
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May 1, 2002
Pilot Study: Orally-Administered Yeast ß1,3-glucan Prophylactically Protects Against Anthrax Infection and Cancer in Mice
The Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association
Vol. 5, No. 2, Spring 2002
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Russell L. Blaylock, MD has written an editorial with powerful comments, “My own review of the literature confirms that the most effective source of B1,3-glucans is from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the one chosen by most researchers. Purity of the product is vital, since protein contaminants, as seen in the earlier-used source Zymosan, can cause untoward immune reactions.”
This study refers to two forms of yeast beta glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisae, an insoluble particle (Whole Glucan Particle, WGP Glucan) and a water soluble (PGG-Glucan).